Risk Assessment

P1
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE, 2002)

PPE is defined as ‘all equipment (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects him against one or more risks to his health or safety’, e.g. safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses.


What this legislation contains?

The main containments of the PPE at Work Regulations 2002 act is that personal
protective equipment is to be supplied and used at work wherever there are risks
to health and safety that cannot be adequately controlled in other ways. Also this legislation has containments that when any employer and employees are doing a sport such as rock climbing they are provided with all the safety equipment needed so they won’t cause any serious injuries to any participants. If you don’t provide a helmet and someone gets injured on the head then they can sue you because it is your job to ensure all participants are provided with safety equipment so no one will be in danger.


The Regulations containments requires that PPE: 

• is properly assessed before use to ensure it is suitable  
• is maintained and stored properly
• is provided with instructions on how to use it safely 
• is used correctly by employees

How can this affect a sporting environment?
This can affect the environment because different sports require certain equipment such as rock climbing you will need safety helmets, harnesses, clothing, ropes and footwear. Your first safety equipment is the helmet. You need this because when climbing you could have rocks falling towards you and without a helmet you could get serious head injuries. The next safety equipment is harnesses. You need harnesses because you need to have something to tie the rope around. Anotehr piece of protective equipment is clothing. In each sport they require different types of clothing like for example basektball uses vest and shorts, football use t-shirts and football boots with studs and rock climbing uses shirts and shorts because tight clothing such as wearing jeans can affect how you climb because it is hard to move around in them which is very dangerous when climbing so that's why you would legging's or shorts when climbing so you won't risk getting an injury. Then the next equipment is ropes. Ropes are very important when climbing because if the person slips on a rock when climbing the person down at the bottom of the rocks has the rope in his grasp so he can help him in any dire situations the climber gets into. The last piece equipment needed for rock climbing would be footwear because when climbing the rocks some can become slippery so you need footwear that has a firm grip so it will be easier to climb.


Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)
An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work, for controlling the keeping and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions into the atmosphere.


What does this act contain?


These are the things this regulations require:

• make arrangements for implementing the health and safety measures identified as necessary by the risk assessment; 
• appoint competent people (often themselves or company colleagues) to help them to implement the arrangements; 
• set up emergency procedures; 
• provide clear information and training to employees; work together with other employers sharing the same workplace.

How can this affect sporting environments?
This can affect a sporting environment because in every sporting centre they need to have a health and safety certificate to say that they have passed the health and safety test which is signed by the health and safety department. Within the health and safety there are certain things that are required in order for a centre to become open to the public because it can be very risky if you open a sports centre and haven't checked the health and safety because members of the public can get seriously hurt and the centre will have to be shutdown. There a few examples in order to make sure that the sports centre meets all the required standards of the health and safety act so it can become official. The examples are make arrangements to measure health and safety, implement the health and safety act, have emergency procedures set up around the centre and give information about the centre to new workers or training employees. The first example is making measurements to implement the health and safety because whenever you are about the open a new sports centre you need to measure the implements of health and safety so then you know what needs implementing before the health and safety department inspect it. The second example is making the implements because once you have checked that the implements are safe and won't cause any harm then you can place in the implements. Before placing in the implements check it to make sure that ti has not been damaged because it can become a risk of health and safety which can affect the sporting environment if there is a hazard to the members of the public. The third example is to then set up the emergency procedures around the centre because every sports centre needs a emergency set up in case of accidents so whenever someone is injured they have information for the ambulance and also the first aider that works there. If there are no emergency procedures within the centre and someone is hurt then you could get sewed for not following the health and safety regulations. For the last example when new workers or training employees join the sports centre you will need to give them detailed information about the facilities and what is required of the workers. This is very important because if they risk someone of health and safety then you will be held responsible for not giving them the correct information.


Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulation (1981)

The Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 have the objective of ensuring that employers make appropriate provision for first aid at work; which in summary means that there are proper arrangements in place for workers who are injured or are taken ill at work, to receive immediate (first aid) attention and that an ambulance is called in serious cases. This is the essence of the regulations.


What this act contains?
Whether the current arrangements are the most appropriate and cost effective way of delivering the objectives of first aid at work:

• whether the current arrangements are the most appropriate and cost effective way of delivering the objectives of first aid at work.
• The challenges employers face in providing first aid provision in the workplace and in particular how employers implement them in the context of other health & safety management regulations.
• Whether HSE approval of training providers is still appropriate. 
• Establishing an understanding of the interaction between FAW and other requirements to make first aid provision e.g. for members of the public or schoolchildren, and the implications for adequate provision for those who are not workers.

How can this affect sporting environments?
First aid can affect a sporting environment in many ways because whenever you do an activity it is always essential that you have a first aid kit to treat anyone if they get injured. An example of this is when going rock climbing because rock climbing can be dangerous at times because there could be loose rocks which could collapse at any moment and someone gets hurt. This is why before going rock climbing check the place you are going to climb and make sure it safe and no one will get hurt. First aid is need for this because you never know what can happen like if a person slips and off and injure's there hand you need either a plaster or a bandage to wrap around your hand. In every sport first aid kit is needed because if someone gets injured and you don't have the first aid kit to help them then they cans sew you for not being equipped properly. Another example is to know your route that you are taking because if you don't know the route you take and get lost then you are more likely going to have students injure themselves which could become a problem for you if you don't have a first aid kit or enough supply's within them. These are the effects first aid can have on sporting environments.


Management of Heath and Safety Regulations (1999)

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations came into force in 1993 

as the principal method of 

implementing the EC Framework Directive, adopted in 1989. The Regulations were supported by an Approved Code of Practice. The original Regulations have been amended four times since 1992 by the Management of Health and Safety at Work (Amendment) Regulations 1994, the Health and Safety Regulations 1997 

and by the Management of Health 

and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.

What this act contains?
When new people are starting work these are the responsibilities towards young people:

• To assess risks to all young people under 18 years of age, before they start work.
• To ensure the risk assessment takes into account their psychological or physical immaturity, inexperience, and lack of awareness of existing or potential risks.
• To introduce control measures to eliminate or minimise the risks, so far as is reasonably practicable.

How can this affect sporting environments?
This can affect a sporting environments because within the health and safety act there are always people who manage the regulation. Within the regulations there are risk assessments that people need to take if they are under the age of 18 before they can start work. The risk assessment is very important because it shows there knowledge, experience and awareness of risks. It's important to show these or else you won't the job. They will also take into account psychological or physical immaturity, inexprience and lack of awareness of existing or potential risks. Also they need to introduce them to the job and show what is required of them so

they know what is required of the new employees. This will help to eliminate or minimise the risks of people getting hurt. This is how it an affect a sporting environment.

P2
Statutory
Statutory law is law that is made by a legislature and codified or written down in code books. It is primarily a concept that exists in common law systems in order to underscore the distinction between laws that a governing body makes and case law.
How does this relate to health and safety?
It relates to health and safety because in every law there certain requirements that have to be met such as general risk assessments where people from the health and safety department will come in and see if they can identify certain hazards that could cause harm to the public and see what risks there are that can affect the public.
How is it related to our sports centre?
It is related to our sports centre because in the sports centre it is the managers's and employer's duty to ensure that members of the public are safe and not put at risk at any time while they do a sport or exercise.
Civil law
Civil law seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes such as disagreements over the meaning of contracts, property ownership, divorce, child custody, and damages for personal and property damage. A civil court is a place where people can solve their problems with people peacefully. The function of civil law is to provide a legal remedy to solve problems.
How does this relate to health and safety?
It relates to health and safety because it is the centres job to ensure that no members of the pibluc are affected by hazards while taking part in an activity. If something goes wrong then individuals can sue the centre for damage using the civil law as a result of another person's negligence.
How is it related to our sports centre?
It is related to our sports centre because it is our duty to make sure that none of the facilities in our centre are not damaged or else like I said before in the health and safety bit they can sue us for not keeping them safe from any general hazards.
Case law

Part of common law, consisting of judgments given by higher courts in interpreting the statutes (or the provisions of a constitution) applicable in cases brought before them, called precedents, they are binding on all courts (within the same jurisdiction) to be followed as the law in similar cases.

How does this relate to health and safety?
This relates to health and safety because it is the company's duty to ensure that there is health and safety welfare for all employers because if an accident happens then we can be prosecuted for not ensuring health and safety welfare under section 2 of the health and sfaety at work act (1974).
How is it related to our sports centre?
Case law is related to our sports centre because in the sports centre it will be the managers duty to make sure that everyone is safe and will not be cause harm during the day or else like I said the company or workplace can be prosecuted for not ensuring health and safety welfare to the employers and employees.

Higher duty/Duty of care
Higher duty/Duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in negligence.
How does this relate to health and safety?
This relates to health and safety because when regulating a sport it is your duty to ensure that no one is at risk of getting hurt and is also out of harms way because if someone gets injured then it will be your duty to ensure that person is taken care of so no harm can be done.
How is it related to our sports centre?
This will be related to our sports centre because whenever a event is taking place it will be oru duty to ensure that all participants are safe and are not being put at risk at anytime while the activity takes place. If anyone is harmed then it will be our duty to ensure that person is treated and taken care of.
Negligence
Conduct that falls below the standards of behavior established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm. A person has acted negligently if he or she has departed from the conduct expected of a reasonably prudent person acting under similar circumstances.
How does this relate to health and safety?
This relates to health and safety because some employers receieve duties which need to be done on a regular basis in order to keep the sports centre safe and clean so they won't be prosecuted or charged for not following the Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1934.
How is it related to our sports centre?
Negligence relates to our sports centre because in our sports centre it will be the manager and staff's duty to ensure that everything within the centre is cleaned on a regular basis because it can become a hazard to the public if it is not cleaned daily and it can affect the health and safety of the sports centre.

P2 (continued)
Health and safety executive (HSE)
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is a non-departmental public body with its headquarters in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is the body responsible for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare, and for research into occupational risks in England and Wales and Scotland.
How does this relate to health and safety?
It relates to health and safety because it is the executive's duty to take care of encouragement, regulation, and enforcement of workplace health, safety welfare so no one within the country can be caused harm or out at risk while doing or performing an event.
How is it related to our sports centre?
This relates to our sports centre because it is our duty to ensure that we give encouraging information to members of the public so more people will want to come to our centre. Also that we have the corret regulations so we won't get prosecuted and make sure that when the employers are working they are healthy and no harmful chemicals can become a hazard to them and make sure that the place is safe to work in and no damage will be done to any clients.
Sport England
Sport England is the brand name for the English Sports Council and is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its role is to build the foundations of a community sport system by working with national governing bodies of sport, and other funded partners, to grow the number of people doing sport; sustain participation levels; and help more talented people from all backgrounds excel by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to the elite level.
How does this relate to health and safety?
This relates to health and safety because sports england roles are to make community sporting systems by working with other national governing bodies while others fund partners and grow the number of people doing sport and sustain participation levels.
How is it related to our sports centre?
This relates to our sports centre because it is our job to help encourage people to get into doing sport and also it will help them socialise with other people and make friends and more people will come to use our sports facilities.
Lawn tennis association
The Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) is the national governing body of tennis in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. As the governing body, the LTA is responsible for the coaching and development of junior players, offering courses and qualifications on coaching, as well as the organisation and administration of the senior game.
How does this relate to health and safety?
This relates to health and safety because in the tennis association it is responsible for coaching and developing young juniors into highly proffessional tennis players while offering courses and qualifications on coaching.
How is it related to our sports centre?
This is related to our sports centre because in our centre it is our job to offer courses to all the young juniors so they can become more advanced at the sport as they get older. Also our sports centre will give young teenagers the chance to coach young kids in a sport of there choice.